{"id":5792,"date":"2025-10-16T07:42:44","date_gmt":"2025-10-16T06:42:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//?page_id=5792"},"modified":"2026-04-01T14:49:53","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T13:49:53","slug":"european-groundwater-drought-initiative","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//flooding-and-drought/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater-drought/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//european-groundwater-drought-initiative/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//","title":{"rendered":"European Groundwater Drought Initiative"},"content":{"rendered":"/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<section class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"hero-section hero-section-with-social/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"hero-info-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"container/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"row/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"col-12/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"hero-info/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<h1>European Groundwater Drought Initiative</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//h1>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div 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class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"hidden/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Copy Link</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//section>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<section class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"container/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"row/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"col-12/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>The European Groundwater Drought Initiative, or GDI, is a three-year, NERC-funded project to assess and model groundwater drought status across Europe, investigate the impacts of groundwater drought, and to build a community to grow our understanding of the phenomenon of groundwater drought.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>We worked with teams from across Europe, including:</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<ul class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"wp-block-list/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<li>BOKU Vienna, Austria</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<li>Centre for Applied Ecology, University of Lisbon, Portugal</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<li>Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<li>Croatian Geological Survey, Croatia</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<li>Environmental Protection Agency Ireland, Ireland</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<li>Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Denmark</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<li>Institute of Environmental Sciences and Water Research, Spain</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<li>University of Freiburg, Germany</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<li>University of Latvia and Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre, Latvia</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<li>University of Oslo, Norway</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<li>University of Rouen, France</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<li>Wageningen University, The Netherlands</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//ul>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>GDI also has the support of the International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre at UNESCO.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<h2 class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"wp-block-heading/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Why did we study groundwater droughts in Europe?</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>There were already services that provide information about the status of&nbsp;<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"http:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//edov2/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//php/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//index.php?id=1000/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"noreferrer noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">meteorological drought across Europe</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a> and there were significant advances in the understanding of drought in surface waters across Europe. However, there had been no attempt to bring together information related to the status of groundwater droughts at the continental scale (Van Loon, 2015).</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<figure  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"img-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//Mud_cracks_and_rain_drops_19182743783.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" data-toggle=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"lightbox/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" data-footer=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"&lt;p&gt;Mud cracks and rain drops in Germany. /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a9 &lt;a href=&quot;https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.flickr.com/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//people/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//43405950@N07&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;marsupium photograph&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a&gt;y and licensed under the &lt;a href=&quot;https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//en.wikipedia.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wiki/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//en:Creative_Commons&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;Creative Commons&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//creativecommons.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//licenses/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//by-sa/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2.0/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//deed.en&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;noopener&quot;&gt;Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a&gt; license.&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p&gt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" data-gallery=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"gallery_41307/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//Mud_cracks_and_rain_drops_19182743783.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"lazy-blur/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"Mud_cracks_and_rain_drops_(19182743783)/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//Mud_cracks_and_rain_drops_19182743783.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a><figcaption class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"caption /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"caption-icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//info-caption.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"Information icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"caption-text/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><p>Mud cracks and rain drops in Germany. /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a9 <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.flickr.com/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//people/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//43405950@N07/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">marsupium photograph</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a>y and licensed under the <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//en.wikipedia.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wiki/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//en:Creative_Commons/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Creative Commons</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a> <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//creativecommons.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//licenses/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//by-sa/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2.0/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//deed.en/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a> license.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"expand-box expand-box-top/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//Mud_cracks_and_rain_drops_19182743783.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" ><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//expand.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"Expand icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//figcaption></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//figure>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>There are significant benefits to be gained from analysing groundwater drought at the European scale. Major groundwater droughts take many months to develop, have large spatial footprints and typically lag behind the driving meteorology. This means that there is the potential to forecast the status of a developing groundwater drought and improve our planning for, and management of, these droughts.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<h2 class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"wp-block-heading/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">GDI activities</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>The first task of the GDI was to bring together many long-term (multi-decadal) groundwater level and spring flow records and standardise them using techniques such as the standardised groundwater level index, or SGI (Bloomfield and Marchant, 2013). Standardisation enables groundwater level data from disparate locations to be analysed in a consistent manner. </groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>For example, clusters of groundwater level and spring-flow hydrographs can be identified with similar responses to the driving meteorology (Bloomfield et al., 2015). Using the standardised hydrographs, we described and analysed the changing status of groundwater droughts across Europe on a monthly basis, from the 1960s to the present. A particular aim of this analysis was to understand how catchment and local factors may modify the regional groundwater response to drought.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<figure  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"img-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//periodsOfGroundwater.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" data-toggle=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"lightbox/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" data-footer=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"&lt;p&gt;Periods of groundwater drought common to multiple groundwater-level time series can be identified using the standardised groundwater level index, SGI (where SGI &lt; 0), in this case for 14 hydrographs from the UK. BGS /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a9 UKRI.&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p&gt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" data-gallery=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"gallery_98057/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//periodsOfGroundwater.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"lazy-blur/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"periodsOfGroundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//periodsOfGroundwater.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a><figcaption class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"caption /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"caption-icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//info-caption.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"Information icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"caption-text/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><p>Periods of groundwater drought common to multiple groundwater-level time series can be identified using the standardised groundwater level index, SGI (where SGI &lt; 0), in this case for 14 hydrographs from the UK. BGS /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a9 UKRI.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"expand-box expand-box-top/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//periodsOfGroundwater.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" ><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//expand.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"Expand icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//figcaption></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//figure>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>Two key GDI activities related to the effects of groundwater drought. We added to and systematically analysed all groundwater-related effect information in the&nbsp;<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"http:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.geo.uio.no/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//edc/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//droughtdb/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//edr/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//impactdatabase.php/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"noreferrer noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">European Drought Impact Report Inventory</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a>&nbsp;(EDII) to understand how groundwater-drought impacts relate to the concept of drought in the &#8216;Anthropocene&#8217; (Van Loon et al., 2016a). We also undertook a series of comparative case studies across Europe, focusing in particular on the differing characteristics as well as commonalities in the effects of groundwater droughts in northern Europe and more water-stressed regions of Europe, particularly in the south.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"owl-carousel carousel-primary-color carousel owl-theme thumbs-carousel-js/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"item/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><figure  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"img-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//UsingClusteringTechniques.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" data-toggle=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"lightbox/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" data-footer=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"&lt;p&gt;Using clustering techniques, groups of spatially coherent, standardised hydrographs can characterise the differing responses of groundwater systems to droughts. This example shows six clusters of hydrographs for 74 boreholes from the Chalk aquifer of the UK. Periods of groundwater drought (SGI &lt; 0) are shown in in black. BGS /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a9 UKRI.&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p&gt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" data-gallery=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"gallery_81508/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//UsingClusteringTechniques.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"attachment-medium size-medium/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"UsingClusteringTechniques/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a><figcaption class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"caption /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"caption-icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//info-caption.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"Information icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"caption-text/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><p>Using clustering techniques, groups of spatially coherent, standardised hydrographs can characterise the differing responses of groundwater systems to droughts. This example shows six clusters of hydrographs for 74 boreholes from the Chalk aquifer of the UK. Periods of groundwater drought (SGI &lt; 0) are shown in in black. BGS /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a9 UKRI.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"expand-box expand-box-top/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//UsingClusteringTechniques.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" ><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//expand.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"Expand icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//figcaption></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//figure></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div><div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"item/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><figure  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"img-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//IllustrationOfThePropagation.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" data-toggle=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"lightbox/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" data-footer=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"&lt;p&gt;Illustration of the propagation of drought from climate variability through to hydrological drought, including groundwater drought, and ecological effects, and the range of societal effects and responses. From Van Loon et al., 2016b.&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p&gt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" data-gallery=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"gallery_81508/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//IllustrationOfThePropagation.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"attachment-medium size-medium/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"IllustrationOfThePropagation/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a><figcaption class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"caption /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"caption-icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//info-caption.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"Information icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"caption-text/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><p>Illustration of the propagation of drought from climate variability through to hydrological drought, including groundwater drought, and ecological effects, and the range of societal effects and responses. From Van Loon et al., 2016b.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"expand-box expand-box-top/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//IllustrationOfThePropagation.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" ><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//expand.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"Expand icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//figcaption></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//figure></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<h2 class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"wp-block-heading/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Further reading</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<div  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"accordions/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"acc-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<button class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"button-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" tabindex=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"-1/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">References</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//button>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"acc-body sea-background-e/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<p>Bloomfield, J P, and Marchant, B P. 2013. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.5194/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//hess-17-4769-2013/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Analysis of groundwater drought building on the standardised precipitation index approach</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a>./groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a0/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a0<em>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//em>, Vol. 17(12), 4769/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u20134787. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.5194/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//hess-17-4769-2013</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>Bloomfield, J P, Marchant, B P, Bricker, S H, and Morgan. 2015. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"http:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//dx.doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.5194/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//hess-19-4327-2015/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Regional analysis of groundwater droughts using hydrograph classification</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a>. <em>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//em>, Vol. 19, 4327/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u20134344. DOI: http:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//dx.doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.5194/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//hess-19-4327-2015</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>Van Loon, A F./groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a0/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a02015./groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a0 <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.1002/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wat2.1085/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Hydrological drought explained</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a>. <em>WIREs Water</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//em>, Vol. 2(4), 359/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u2013392. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.1002/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//wat2.1085</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>Van Loon, A F, Gleeson, T, Clark, J, Van Dijk, A, Stahl, K, Hannaford, J, Di Baldassarre, G, Teuling, A, Tallaksen, L M, Uijlenhoet, R, Hannah, D M, Sheffield, J, Svoboda, M, Verbeiren, B, Wagener, T, Rangecroft, S, Wanders, N, and Van Lanen, H A J. 2016a. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.1038/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//ngeo2646/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Drought in the Anthropocene</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a>. <em>Nature Geoscience</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//em>, Vol. 9(2), 89/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u201391. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.1038/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//ngeo2646</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>Brauns, B., Cuba, D., Bloomfield, J. P., Hannah, D. M., Jackson, C., Marchant, B. P., Heudorfer, B., Van Loon, A. F., Bessi/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00e8re, H., Thunholm, B., and Schubert, G.:<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//piahs.copernicus.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//articles/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//383/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//297/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//2020/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"> The Groundwater Drought Initiative (GDI): Analysing and understanding groundwater drought across Europe</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a>, <em>Proc. IAHS</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//em>, 383, 297/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u2013305, https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.5194/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//piahs-383-297-2020, 2020.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"person nerc_int_name/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"person_name/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Marchant, B.P.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//span>;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a0<span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"person nerc_int_name/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"person_name/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Cuba, D.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//span>;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a0<span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"person nerc_int_name/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"person_name/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Brauns, B.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//span>;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a0<span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"person orcid-person nerc_int_name/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"person_name/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Bloomfield, J.P</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//span>. 2022 Temporal interpolation of groundwater level hydrographs for regional drought analysis using mixed models./groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a0<em>Hydrogeology Journal</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//em>, 30. 1801-1817./groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a0<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.1007/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//s10040-022-02528-y/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">10.1007/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//s10040-022-02528-y</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>Bloomfield, J.P., Marchant, B.P., Brauns, B. (2022). Monthly Groundwater Level (GWL) and Standardised Groundwater levels for six sites in the UK illustrating the temporal interpolation of groundwater level hydrographs for regional drought analysis using mixed models. NERC EDS National Geoscience Data Centre. (Dataset)./groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u00a0<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.5285/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//940c1b90-fef3-49c3-8be9-39b4b0078660/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.5285/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//940c1b90-fef3-49c3-8be9-39b4b0078660</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div><div  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"accordions/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"acc-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<button class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"button-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" tabindex=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"-1/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Reports</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//button>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"acc-body sea-background-e/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<p>Folland, C K, Hannaford, J, Bloomfield, J P, Kendon, M, Svensson, C, Marchant, B P, Prior, J, and Wallace, E. 2015. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.5194/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//hess-19-2353-2015/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Multi-annual droughts in the English Lowlands: a review of their characteristics and climate drivers in the winter half year</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a>. <em>Hydrology and Earth Systems Science</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//em>, Vol. 19, 2353/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u20132375. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.5194/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//hess-19-2353-2015</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>Rust, R, Holman, I, Corstanje, R, Bloomfield, J P, and Cuthbert, M. 2017. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.1016/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//j.earscirev.2017.09.017/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">A conceptual model for climatic teleconnection signal control on groundwater variability in the UK and Europe</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a>. <em>Earth Science Reviews</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//em>, Vol. 177, 164/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u2013174. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.1016/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//j.earscirev.2017.09.017</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>Van Loon, A F, and Laaha, G. 2014. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.1016/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//j.jhydrol.2014.10.059/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Hydrological drought severity explained by climate and catchment characteristics</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a>. <em>Journal of Hydrology</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//em>, Vol. 526, 3/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u201314. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.1016/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//j.jhydrol.2014.10.059</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>Van Loon, A F, Kumar, R, and Mishra, V. 2017. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.5194/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//hess-21-1947-2017/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Testing the use of standardised indices and GRACE satellite data to estimate the European 2015 groundwater drought in near-real time</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a>. <em>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//em>, Vol. 21, 1947/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u20131971. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.5194/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//hess-21-1947-2017</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<p>Van Loon, A F, Gleeson, T, Clark, J, Van Dijk, A I J M, Stahl, K, Hannaford, J, Di Baldassarre, G, Teuling, A J, Tallaksen, L M, Uijlenhoet, R, Hannah, D M, Sheffield, J, Svoboda, M, Verbeiren, B, Wagener, T, Rangecroft, S, Wanders, N, and Van Lanen, H A J. 2016b. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.5194/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//hess-2016-251/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Drought in a human-modified world: reframing drought definitions, understanding and analysis approaches</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a>. <em>Hydrology and Earth Systems Sciences</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//em>, Vol. 20, 3631/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/u20133650. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//10.5194/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//hess-2016-251</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//section>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n<section class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"cta-section  sea-background-e /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"container/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"row md-row/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"col-12/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<h2>Need more information?</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"btn-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//people/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//macdonald-alan/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/"button primary-background   /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/">Contact Alan MacDonald</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//section>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Assessing, investigating and understanding groundwater drought across Europe.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/5792/n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":7322,"parent":3493,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"1","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5792","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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