{"id":62,"date":"2023-11-15T15:16:18","date_gmt":"2023-11-15T15:16:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//quality/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//"},"modified":"2026-04-01T14:44:02","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T13:44:02","slug":"shale-gas-and-groundwater","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//","title":{"rendered":"Shale gas"},"content":{"rendered":"/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<section class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"hero-section hero-section-with-social/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"hero-info-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"container/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"row/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"col-12/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"hero-info/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<h1>Shale gas and groundwater</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//h1>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"sea-background-f/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<span>Share this article</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//span><a target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"  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href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wa.me?text=https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"icon-whatsapp/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"hidden/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">WhatsApp</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a><a   href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"mailto:?subject=Shale%20gas&#038;body=BGS%20research%20to%20understand%20the%20effects%20on%20groundwater%20from%20shale%20gas%20exploitation.%20(https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//)/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"icon-mail/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"hidden/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">Email</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"#/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" data-copy=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"copy-url-on-click/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"icon-link/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"hidden/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">Copy Link</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"img-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//09/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//P917040-banner.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"lazy-blur hero-img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"A borehole drilling machine in a muddy field/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//09/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//P917040-banner.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//section>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<section class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"><div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"container/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"><div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"row/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"><div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"col-12/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<p>BGS undertakes research to provide the information needed to understand potential effects on groundwater from shale gas exploitation.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<ul class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"wp-block-list/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<li>BGS worked with the Environment Agency to investigate whether any evidence exists about the effects of&nbsp;<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//quality/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//abandoned-hydrocarbon-wells/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">abandoned hydrocarbon wells</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>&nbsp;on groundwater quality in England</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//quality/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//national-methane-baseline-survey-of-uk-groundwaters/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">National Baseline Methane Survey</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>&nbsp;of UK groundwaters helped assess future changes in methane concentrations</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<li><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//quality/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//aquifers-and-shales/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">Aquifers and shales</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>&nbsp;is a set of national-scale maps showing the spatial relationships between principal aquifers and major shale units in England and Wales</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<li>The&nbsp;<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//quality/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//3d-groundwater-vulnerability/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">3D groundwater vulnerability</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>&nbsp;project developed an approach to assess the vulnerability of groundwater to contamination from deep subsurface activities</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//ul>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<p>This work has provided underpinning information that will be of use to policymakers, regulators and decision makers.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<h2 class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"wp-block-heading/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" id=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"about/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">About groundwater and shale gas</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<div  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"accordions/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"acc-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<button class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"button-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" tabindex=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"-1/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">What is groundwater?</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//button>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"acc-body sea-background-e/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<p>Groundwater is part of the water cycle and consists of water that has filtered into the ground from rainfall, snowmelt and rivers. It forms the largest available store of fresh water in the UK, far in excess of river or lake waters.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<p>Over lowland England, about half of all fresh water supplies come from groundwater and, in parts of the south-east, this rises to more than 70 per cent. About three-quarters of all groundwater taken is used for public water supply, with the remainder being used for agricultural, industrial and other purposes. One reason for this is because, compared with surface waters, groundwater is relatively high quality and requires less treatment prior to use. Groundwater also provides flow to many rivers and wetlands and so sustains a wide range of ecosystems.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div><div  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"accordions/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"acc-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<button class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"button-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" tabindex=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"-1/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">How is groundwater managed and protected in the UK?</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//button>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"acc-body sea-background-e/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<p>Groundwater in the UK is managed by national environmental regulators: the <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.gov.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//government/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//organisations/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//environment-agency/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">Environment Agency</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/u00a0(EA) in England; <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//naturalresources.wales/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//?lang=en/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">Natural Resources Wales</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/u00a0(NRW) in Wales; <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.sepa.org.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">Scottish Environment Protection Agency</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/u00a0(SEPA) in Scotland. They do this by balancing the needs of water companies to supply water to consumers with the need to preserve the environment, protect it from pollution and over-abstraction and, where it is already polluted, ensure that it is cleaned up. For more detail, see the <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.gov.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//government/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//collections/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater-protection/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">EA/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/u2019s groundwater managemen</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>t, <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//naturalresources.wales/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//about-us/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//what-we-do/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//our-roles-and-responsibilities/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//water/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//?lang=en/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">NRW/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/u2019s water responsibilities</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>, and <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.sepa.org.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//regulations/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//water/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">SEPA/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/u2019s water environment regulations</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div><div  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"accordions/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"acc-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<button class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"button-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" tabindex=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"-1/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">What is shale gas?</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//button>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"acc-body sea-background-e/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->Shale gas is natural gas trapped in shales and clays, which are fine-grained, sedimentary rocks predominantly comprised of consolidated clay-sized (between 0.98 and 3.9 /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/u03bcm) particles that were originally deposited as mud. The decay of organic matter (algae, plant and animal-derived organic debris) that was deposited along with the sediments is the source of the shale gas. The gas is produced from the breakdown of organic material as the muddy sediments are buried, pressurised, heated and turned into shale rock. Gas generation typically requires burial to depths of a kilometre or more and many potential shalegas source rocks are found at those depths.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<p><!-- /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph -->Consequently, the shale is both the source and the reservoir for the natural gas, which is predominantly methane (CH<sub>4</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//sub>; approximately 90/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/u00a0per cent) but may also contain other hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and rare gases. The gas is held in natural fractures and pore spaces or adsorbed onto the organic material and minerals in the shale.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div><div  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"accordions/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"acc-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<button class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"button-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" tabindex=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"-1/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">How is shale gas extracted?</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//button>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"acc-body sea-background-e/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<p><!-- wp:paragraph -->It is technically challenging to obtain shale gas because it is bound to rocks at great depth. Unlike conventional drilling for hydrocarbons, drilling for shale gas combines horizontal drilling with hydraulic fracturing (also known as fracking). Horizontal drilling, sometimes to more than 1500/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/u00a0m away from the vertical wellbore, greatly increases the length of contact between the shale gas rock formation and the wellbore relative to a conventional vertical well, and hydraulic fracturing releases shale gas to enable it to be retrieved in commercially viable quantities.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<figure id=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"attachment_4481/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" aria-describedby=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"caption-attachment-4481/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" style=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"width: 560px/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"wp-caption alignnone/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"><img loading=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"lazy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"size-full wp-image-4481/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//08/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//Figure2_BGS-CWardle_w560.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"hydraulic fracturing diagram/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" width=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"560/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" height=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"579/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//><figcaption id=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"caption-attachment-4481/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"wp-caption-text/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">Diagram showing shale gas exploitation beneath aquifers. BGS /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/u00a9 UKRI.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//figcaption></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//figure>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div><div  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"accordions/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"acc-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<button class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"button-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" tabindex=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"-1/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">Further reading</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//button>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"acc-body sea-background-e/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<ul>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<li><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//quality/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//methane-in-uk-groundwater-research-overview/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">Overview of naturally occurring methane in UK groundwater</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<li><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"http:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//nora.nerc.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//16467/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"noreferrer noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">Potential groundwater impact from exploitation of shale gas in the UK</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//ul>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<h2 class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"wp-block-heading/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">Environmental concerns</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<p>There have been concerns expressed about the potential effects of shale gas extraction on groundwater, with reports in the US claiming that contamination of drinking water has occurred.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<p>Shale gas is natural gas trapped in low-permeability shales. The gas is held in pore spaces within the rock, or adsorbed onto minerals and organic material in the shale. New technology for gas production from shale formations, horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, was originally developed in the USA and has led to the rapid exploration of shale formations worldwide.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<p>The UK has abundant shales at depth that have been the focus of research into: </groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<ul class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"wp-block-list/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<li>characterisation</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<li>resource evaluation </groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<li>exploitation risk</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//ul>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<p>BGS has carried out research projects in a number of these areas. Part of this research considered some of the environmental concerns and, in particular, the potential effects on groundwater. We published a report in 2012 on the&nbsp;<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"http:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//nora.nerc.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//16467/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"noreferrer noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">potential groundwater impact from exploitation of shale gas in the UK</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<h2 class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"wp-block-heading/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">More information on shale gas</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<p>Visit our&nbsp;<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//geology-projects/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">shale gas pages</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a> to find out more&nbsp;about shale gas and groundwater.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//section>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<section id=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"in-this-section-8622-block_9663d8773226313565079afc099611a0/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"grid-section  sea-background-e   /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" >/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"container/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"row header-of-section/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"col-12/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<h2>Our research</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"row grid-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"col-md-6 col-lg-4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<a class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"media-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//3d-groundwater-vulnerability/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//03/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//Figure_1A.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"lazy-blur wp-post-image/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"3D groundwater vulnerability/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//03/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//Figure_1A.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"info-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"info/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<h2><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//3d-groundwater-vulnerability/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">3D groundwater vulnerability</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<p>Assessing the vulnerability of groundwater to onshore oil and gas extraction.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//3d-groundwater-vulnerability/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">More Information</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"col-md-6 col-lg-4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<a class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"media-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//abandoned-hydrocarbon-wells/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//09/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//geograph-5543400-by-Chris.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"lazy-blur wp-post-image/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"an aerial view over flat, beige and green fields/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//09/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//geograph-5543400-by-Chris.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"info-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"info/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<h2><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//abandoned-hydrocarbon-wells/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">Abandoned hydrocarbon wells</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<p>Investigating the effects of abandoned onshore hydrocarbon wells on groundwater quality.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//abandoned-hydrocarbon-wells/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">More Information</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"col-md-6 col-lg-4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<a class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"media-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//aquifers-and-shales/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//P579296-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"lazy-blur wp-post-image/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//P579296-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"info-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"info/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<h2><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//aquifers-and-shales/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">Aquifers and shales</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<p>Understanding the spatial relationships between potential shale gas source rocks and overlying aquifers.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//aquifers-and-shales/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">More Information</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"col-md-6 col-lg-4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<a class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"media-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//national-methane-baseline-survey-of-uk-groundwaters/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//08/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//P883250-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"lazy-blur wp-post-image/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"A white person&#039;s hand holding up a bottle containing a clear, colourless liquid with gas bubbling through it/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//08/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//P883250-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"info-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"info/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<h2><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//national-methane-baseline-survey-of-uk-groundwaters/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">National methane baseline survey of UK groundwaters</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<p>Creating a national baseline dataset of the current distribution of methane in our groundwater.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//national-methane-baseline-survey-of-uk-groundwaters/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">More Information</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"col-md-6 col-lg-4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<a class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"media-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//onshore-oil-gas-risks-to-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//P209857-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"lazy-blur wp-post-image/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"P209857-thumb/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//P209857-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"info-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"info/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<h2><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//onshore-oil-gas-risks-to-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">Onshore oil and gas risks to groundwater</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<p>Measuring groundwater quality to support assessment of the risks to groundwater from onshore oil and gas activities.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//onshore-oil-gas-risks-to-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">More Information</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"col-md-6 col-lg-4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<a class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"media-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-environmental-monitoring/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//08/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//P916939-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"lazy-blur wp-post-image/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"two men stand to the right watching a drilling rig in a very muddy field/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//08/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//P916939-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"info-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"info/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<h2><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-environmental-monitoring/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">Shale gas environmental monitoring</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<p>Monitoring environmental baseline conditions in relation to potential shale gas development.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//energy/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-and-groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//shale-gas-environmental-monitoring/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">More Information</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//section>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n<section class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"cta-section  sea-background-e /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"container/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"row md-row/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"col-12/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<h2>Need more information?</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"btn-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"mailto:enquiries@bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/"button primary-background   /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/">Contact BGS Enquiries</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//section>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BGS research to understand the effects on groundwater from shale gas exploitation.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/62/n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4236,"parent":6355,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"1","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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