{"id":68,"date":"2023-11-15T15:16:18","date_gmt":"2023-11-15T15:16:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//quality/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//ecology/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//"},"modified":"2025-11-18T13:08:07","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T13:08:07","slug":"ecology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//quality/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//ecology/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//","title":{"rendered":"Groundwater ecology and biodiversity"},"content":{"rendered":"/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<section class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"hero-section hero-section-with-social/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"hero-info-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"container/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"row/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"col-12/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"hero-info/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<h1>Groundwater ecology and biodiversity</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//h1>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"sea-background-f/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<span>Share this article</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//span><a target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"  href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.facebook.com/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sharer/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sharer.php?u=https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//quality/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//ecology/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"icon-facebook/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"hidden/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Facebook</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a><a target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"  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href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wa.me?text=https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//quality/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//ecology/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"icon-whatsapp/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"hidden/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">WhatsApp</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a><a   href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"mailto:?subject=Groundwater%20ecology%20and%20biodiversity&#038;body=Understanding%20the%20life%20forms%20that%20live%20in%20groundwater.%20(https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//quality/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//ecology/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//)/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"icon-mail/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"hidden/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Email</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"#/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-copy=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//quality/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//ecology/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"copy-url-on-click/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"icon-link/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"hidden/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Copy Link</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//section>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<section class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"container/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"row/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"col-12/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Groundwater contains distinctive animals known as &#8216;stygobites&#8217;, which are adapted to live in the dark, have no pigment and no eyes, and are able to feel their way around./groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a0They range in size from less than 1 mm to around 1 cm and occur in porous, fractured and karst aquifers. Stygobites can be found /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u2014 and sampled /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u2014 in caves, springs and boreholes.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<figure  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"img-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//niphargus-aquilex.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-toggle=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"lightbox/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-footer=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"&lt;p&gt;The stygobite species &lt;em&gt;Niphargus aquilex&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em&gt;, which lives in groundwaters in England and Wales. /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a9 Chris Proctor.&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p&gt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-gallery=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"gallery_57501/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//niphargus-aquilex.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"lazy-blur/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"A small crustacean with too many legs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//niphargus-aquilex.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a><figcaption class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"caption /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"caption-icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//info-caption.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"Information icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"caption-text/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><p>The stygobite species <em>Niphargus aquilex</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>, which lives in groundwaters in England and Wales. /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a9 Chris Proctor.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"expand-box expand-box-top/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//niphargus-aquilex.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" ><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//expand.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"Expand icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//figcaption></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//figure>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>BGS scientists have worked with a range of partners, including <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//pure.roehampton.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//portal/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//en/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//persons/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//anne-robertson/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"noreferrer noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Roehampton University</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>, the <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//hcrs.brc.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"noreferrer noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Hypogean Crustacea Recording Scheme</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a> and the <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.ceh.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"noreferrer noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">UK Centre for Ecology &amp; Hydrology</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>, to: </groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<ul class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"wp-block-list/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<li>investigate the occurrence and distributions of stygobite species in groundwater (Johns et al., 2015; Maurice et al., 2016; Weitowitz, 2017)</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<li>assess their importance for UK biodiversity (McInerney et al., 2014)</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<li>investigate their role in subsurface food webs (Weitowitz et al., 2019)</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//ul>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>As some of the only truly endemic UK species,&nbsp;stygobites provide a unique and important contribution to UK biodiversity. Living in groundwater, sometimes far below the surface, they have survived millions of years of glaciations and climate change because groundwater is somewhat protected from the more extreme temperatures&nbsp;above ground (McInerney et al., 2014).&nbsp;Most UK fauna arrived at the end of the last ice age, when there was a land bridge to mainland Europe, but genetic studies have shown that some stygobite species are ancient endemics that have been here for millions of years (McInerney et al., 2014).</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<figure  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"img-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//08/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//P921095-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-toggle=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"lightbox/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-footer=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"&lt;p&gt;A public water supply spring for Welsh Water called Ffynnon Asaph. It is pictured here with an ecological drift net in place to sample for stygobites. BGS /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a9 UKRI.&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p&gt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-gallery=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"gallery_81016/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//08/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//P921095-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"lazy-blur/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"a small waterfall cascades out of a grill set in a wall. There is a funnel-shaped net placed in the middle of the stream flow./groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//08/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//P921095-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a><figcaption class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"caption /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"caption-icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//info-caption.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"Information icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"caption-text/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><p>A public water supply spring for Welsh Water called Ffynnon Asaph. It is pictured here with an ecological drift net in place to sample for stygobites. BGS /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a9 UKRI.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"expand-box expand-box-top/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//08/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//P921095-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" ><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//expand.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"Expand icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//figcaption></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//figure>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<h2 class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"wp-block-heading/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><strong>Hydrogeology and groundwater ecology</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//strong></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Groundwater ecology is often the domain of biologists and ecologists, but hydrogeological expertise can improve understanding of groundwater ecosystems (Maurice and Bloomfield, 2012).&nbsp;Working with UKCEH and using hydrogeological tools (for example, borehole packer testing and imaging), we developed new methods to investigate biological communities at different depths within the Chalk aquifer at a site in southern England (Sorensen et al., 2013).&nbsp;</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Work was also undertaken using geological and hydrogeological information to investigate habitat suitability for stygobite species and and identify potential geological barriers to dispersal, where low permability strata that form poor habitats are present (Johns et al., 2015; Weitowitz et al., 2017).&nbsp;</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<h2 class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"wp-block-heading/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Distribution and controls on stygobites in the UK</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Between 2009 and 2017, BGS and partners undertook surveys of stygobites in many different geological settings. The data from this work is available in the UK <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//hcrs.brc.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//hcrs-database/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"noreferrer noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Hypogean Crustacea Recording Scheme database</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a> and discussed in Weitowitz (2017).</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>In a project led by Roehampton University, extensive sampling in south-west England revealed that stygobite species were signficantly less likely to be found in mudstone/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//siltstone or sandstone aquifers compared to carbonates and granites. In some areas, poor geological habitats appeared to create barriers that prevented species from colonising the adjacent, more suitable habitats (Johns et al., 2015).</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"owl-carousel carousel-primary-color carousel owl-theme thumbs-carousel-js/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"item/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><figure  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"img-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//stygobite-sampling.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-toggle=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"lightbox/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-footer=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"&lt;p&gt;Sampling for stygobites in a Chalk borehole, southern England. BGS /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a9 UKRI.&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p&gt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-gallery=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"gallery_2202/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//stygobite-sampling.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"attachment-medium size-medium/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"Two people standing in a field. One is holding a net above a borehole./groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a><figcaption class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"caption sm-line/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"caption-icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//info-caption.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"Information icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"caption-text/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><p>Sampling for stygobites in a Chalk borehole, southern England. BGS /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a9 UKRI.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"expand-box expand-box-top/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//stygobite-sampling.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" ><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//expand.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"Expand icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//figcaption></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//figure></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div><div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"item/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><figure  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"img-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//collecting-stygobites.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-toggle=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"lightbox/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-footer=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"&lt;p&gt;Borehole sampling and collection of stygobites in the field. BGS /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a9 UKRI.&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p&gt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-gallery=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"gallery_2202/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//collecting-stygobites.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"attachment-medium size-medium/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"One person standing and one person sitting next to a square borehole entrance, surrounded by sampling equipment, in a wooded area./groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a><figcaption class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"caption sm-line/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"caption-icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//info-caption.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"Information icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"caption-text/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><p>Borehole sampling and collection of stygobites in the field. BGS /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a9 UKRI.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"expand-box expand-box-top/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//collecting-stygobites.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" ><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//expand.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"Expand icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//figcaption></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//figure></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div><div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"item/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><figure  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"img-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//cave-sampling.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-toggle=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"lightbox/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-footer=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"&lt;p&gt;Stygobite sampling in a cave stream. /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a9 Tim Guilford&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p&gt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" data-gallery=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"gallery_2202/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//cave-sampling.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"attachment-medium size-medium/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"Two people, one in red overall and on in yellow overalls, both wearing helmets with head torches. They are standing in a cave looking inside a plastic bag./groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a><figcaption class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"caption sm-line/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"caption-icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//info-caption.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"Information icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"caption-text/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><p>Stygobite sampling in a cave stream. /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a9 Tim Guilford</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"expand-box expand-box-top/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//11/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//cave-sampling.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" ><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//expand.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"Expand icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//figcaption></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//figure></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>The Chalk is a vital water resource in England and investigations of this aquifer, sampling 198 boreholes, revealed that it is also an important stygobite habitat (Maurice et al., 2016): 67 per cent of boreholes in the unconcealed Chalk contained stygobites. There was a clear north/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//south divide, which is thought to reflect effects of recent (Devensian) glaciation in northern England. Of the sampled Chalk boreholes in southern England, 77 per cent contained stygobites compared to 38 per cent in northern England. Only two stygobite species were found in northern England compared to six in southern England.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Surveying of 59 sites within the Ogof Draenen cave system near Abergavenny, south Wales, revealed high species diversity and abundance, suggesting that invertebrate communities in caves may have a role in biogeochemical cycles (Knight et al., 2018).</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<h2 class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"wp-block-heading/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Further reading</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<div  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"accordions/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"acc-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<button class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"button-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" tabindex=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"-1/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">More information</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//button>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"acc-body sea-background-e/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<p><!-- wp:paragraph --></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Durkota, J M, Wood, P J, Johns, T, Thompson, J R, and Flower, R J. 2019. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1127/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//fal/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2019/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//1156/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Distribution of macroinvertebrate communities across surface and groundwater habitats in response to hydrological variability</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>. <em>Fundamental and Applied Limnology</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>, Vol. 193(1), 79/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u201392. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1127/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//fal/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//2019/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//1156</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Gregory, S P, Maurice, L D, West, J M, and Gooddy, D C. 2014./groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a0 <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1144/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//qjegh2013-059/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Microbial communities in UK aquifers: current understanding and future research needs</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>. <em>Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>, Vol. 47, 145/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u2013157. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1144/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//qjegh2013-059</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Johns, T, and Robertson, A. 2022. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.researchgate.net/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//publication/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//364138949_Monitoring_in_the_dark/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Monitoring in the dark: A new network to assess the natural capital of groundwater fauna in England</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>./groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a0<em>Freshwater Biological Association News</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>, Vol. 85.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Knight, L R F D. 2011. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.researchgate.net/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//publication/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//288108228_The_aquatic_macro-invertebrate_fauna_of_swildon's_hole_Mendip_Hills_Somerset_UK/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">The aquatic macro-invertebrate fauna of Swildon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u2019s Hole, Mendip Hills, Somerset, UK</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>. <em>Cave and Karst Science</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>, Vol. 38(2), 81/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u201392.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Knight, L R F D. 2017. <a 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T. 2015. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.researchgate.net/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//publication/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//282985191_Auto-ecological_studies_on_Niphargus_aquilex_Schiodte_1855_and_Niphargus_glenniei_Spooner_1952_Crustacea_Amphipoda_Niphargidae/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Auto-ecological studies on <em>Niphargus aquilex</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em> (Schi/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00f6dte, 1855) and <em>Niphargus glenniei</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em> (Spooner, 1952)(Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae)</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>. <em>Cave and Karst Science</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>, Vol. 42(2), 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Science</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>,/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a0<em>51</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>(2), pp.51-62.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Proudlove, G S, Wood, P J, Harding, P T, Horne, D J, Gledhill, T, and Knight, L RF D. 2003. A review of the status and distribution of the subterranean aquatic Crustacea of Britain and Ireland<em>. Cave and Karst Science</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>, Vol. 30(2), 51/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u201374.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Reiss, J, Perkins, D M, Fussmann, K E, Krause, S, Canhoto, C, Romeijn, P, and Robertson, A L. 2019. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1016/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//j.scitotenv.2018.10.216/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Groundwater flooding: Ecosystem structure following an extreme recharge event</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>. <em>Science of The Total Environment</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>, Vol. 652, 1252/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u20131260. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1016/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//j.scitotenv.2018.10.216</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Robertson, A L, Smith, J W N, Johns, T, and Proudlove, G S. 2009. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1144/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//1470-9236/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//08-046/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">The distribution and diversity of stygobites in Great Britain: an analysis to inform groundwater management</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>./groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a0<em>Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>, Vol. 42(3), 359/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u2013368. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1144/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//1470-9236/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//08-046</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Wood, P J, Agnew, M D, and Petts, G E. 2001. Hydro-ecological variability within a groundwater. 151/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u2013160 in <em>Hydro-ecology: Linking Hydrology and Aquatic</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em> <em>Ecology</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>. Acreman, M C (editor). (Wallingford, UK: International Association of Hydrological Sciences.) ISBN: 9781901502411</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//resources.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//presenter/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//010_LouiseMaurice/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//index.htm/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"noreferrer noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Groundwater ecology: extending our understanding of biodiversity in the UK</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>. Presentation given by Louise Maurice at the symposium celebrating the/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a0<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//about-bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">175th anniversary of BGS</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a0in 2010.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p><!-- /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.sibios-issb.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">International Society for Subterranean Biology</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div><div  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"accordions/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"acc-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<button class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"button-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" tabindex=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"-1/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">References</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//button>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"acc-body sea-background-e/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t<p>Johns, T, Jones, I, Knight, L, Maurice, L, Wood, P, and Robertson, A. 2015. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"http:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1086/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//678460/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Regional scale drivers of groundwater faunal distributions</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>./groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a0 <em>Freshwater Science</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>, Vol. 34(1). DOI: http:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1086/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//678460</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Knight, L R F D, Brancelj, A, Edwards, F, and Maurice, L. 2018. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//nora.nerc.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//id/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//eprint/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//523972/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">The aquatic invertebrate fauna of the Ogof Draenen cave system in South Wales, UK</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>. <em>Cave and Karst</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em> Science, Vol. 45(1), 19/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u201330.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Maurice, L, and Bloomfield, J. 2012. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1608/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//FRJ-5.1.443/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Stygobitic invertebrates in groundwater /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u2014 a review of current knowledge from a hydrogeological perspective</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>. <em>Freshwater</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em> Reviews, Vol. 5(1), 51/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u201371. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1608/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//FRJ-5.1.443</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Maurice, L, Robertson, A R, White, D, Knight, L, Johns, T, Edwards, F, Arietti, M, Sorensen, J P R, Weitowitz, D, Marchant, B P, and Bloomfield, J P. 2016. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1007/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//s10040-015-1334-2/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">The invertebrate ecology of the Chalk aquifer in England (UK)</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>. <em>Hydrogeology Journal</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>, Vol. 24 (2), 459/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u2013474. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1007/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//s10040-015-1334-2</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>McInerney, C E, Maurice, L, Robertson, A L, Knight, L R F D, Arnsheidt, J, Venditti, C, Dooley, J S G, Mathers, T, Matthijs, S, Erikkson, K, Proudlove, G, and Hanfling, B. 2014.<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1111/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//mec.12664/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"noopener/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"> The ancient Britons: groundwater fauna survived extreme climate changes over tens of millions of years across NW Europe</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>. <em>Molecular Ecology</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>, Vol. 23, 1153/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u20131166. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1111/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//mec.12664</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Sorensen, J P R,/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a0 Maurice, L,/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a0 Edwards, F K, Lapworth, D J, Read, D S,/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a0 Allen, D, Butcher, A S,/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a0 Newbold, L K, Townsend, B R, and Williams, P J. 2013. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1371/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//journal.pone.0070264/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Using boreholes as windows into groundwater ecosystems</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>. <em>Plos One</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>, Vol. 8(7), e70264. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1371/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//journal.pone.0070264</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Weitowitz, D. 2017. An investigation into the distribution of obligate groundwater animals (stygobites) in England and Wales./groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a0<em>Unpublished PhD thesis,</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u00a0Roehampton University.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Weitowitz, D C, Robertson, A L, Bloomfield, J P, Maurice, L, and Reiss, J. 2019. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//www.jstor.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//stable/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//26855857/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Obligate groundwater crustaceans mediate biofilm interactions in a subsurface food web</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>. <em>Freshwater Science,</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em> Vol. 38(3), 491/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u2013502.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<p>Weitowitz, D C, Maurice, L, Lewis, M, Bloomfield, J P, Reiss, J, and Robertson, A L. 2017. <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1007/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//s10040-017-1629-6/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/">Defining geo-habitats for groundwater ecosystem assessments: an example from England and Wales (UK)</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//a>. <em>Hydrogeology Journal</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//em>, Vol. 25(8), 2453/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/u20132466. DOI: https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//doi.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//10.1007/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//s10040-017-1629-6</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68//section>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/68/n<section 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