{"id":78,"date":"2023-11-15T15:24:39","date_gmt":"2023-11-15T15:24:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//?page_id=78"},"modified":"2025-11-07T14:05:28","modified_gmt":"2025-11-07T14:05:28","slug":"flooding","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding-and-drought/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//","title":{"rendered":"Flooding"},"content":{"rendered":"/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<section class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"hero-section hero-section-with-social/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"hero-info-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"container/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"row/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"col-12/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"hero-info/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<h1>Groundwater flooding</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//h1>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"social-wrap social-wrap-inline-them/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"sea-background-f/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<span>Share this article</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//span><a target=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"_blank/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"  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decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//geograph-3859939-by-Mr-Ignavy-banner.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"lazy-blur hero-img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"SONY DSC/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//geograph-3859939-by-Mr-Ignavy-banner.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//section>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<section class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-bgs-blocks-content-container content-section/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"><div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"container/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"><div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"row/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"><div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"col-12/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<p class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-paragraph/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Periods of abnormally high rainfall can result in groundwater flooding of basements and the emergence of groundwater at the ground surface, causing damage to property and infrastructure. BGS has one of the largest groups of scientists researching groundwater flooding. This includes aspects such as improving our understanding of groundwater flooding mechanisms, modelling groundwater flooding and mapping susceptible areas.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<p class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-paragraph/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Groundwater flooding can cause significant social and economic disruption and is a threat in many areas of north-west Europe, including the UK. Flooding legislation initially introduced in Europe and was transposed into UK law recognises the importance of groundwater flooding by incorporating a requirement to assess the risk and undertake measures to reduce it where significant.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<h2 class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-heading/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">What is groundwater flooding?</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<p class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-paragraph/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Groundwater flooding is defined as the emergence of groundwater at the ground surface away from perennial river channels, or the rising of groundwater into artificial ground under conditions where the /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/u2018normal/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/u2019 ranges of groundwater level and groundwater flow are exceeded.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<figure  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"img-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//geograph-3371654-by-Des-Blenkinsopp.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" data-toggle=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"lightbox/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" data-footer=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"&lt;p&gt;Groundwater flooding in Upper Lambourn, Berkshire, England, in 2013. The groundwater level has risen above the level of the road, so water is forcing its way through the road surface as a spring. /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/u00a9 &lt;a title=&quot;View profile&quot; href=&quot;https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.geograph.org.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//profile/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//43370&quot; rel=&quot;cc:attributionURL dct:creator&quot;&gt;Des Blenkinsopp&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a&gt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/u00a0and licensed for/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/u00a0&lt;a href=&quot;https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.geograph.org.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//reuse.php?id=3371654&quot;&gt;reuse&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a&gt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/u00a0under this/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/u00a0&lt;a class=&quot;nowrap&quot; title=&quot;Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Licence&quot; href=&quot;http:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//creativecommons.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//licenses/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//by-sa/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2.0/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//&quot; rel=&quot;license&quot;&gt;Creative Commons Licence&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a&gt;.&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p&gt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" data-gallery=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"gallery_37489/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//geograph-3371654-by-Des-Blenkinsopp.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"lazy-blur/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"geograph-3371654-by-Des-Blenkinsopp/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//geograph-3371654-by-Des-Blenkinsopp.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a><figcaption class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"caption /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"caption-icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//info-caption.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"Information icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"caption-text/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"><p>Groundwater flooding in Upper Lambourn, Berkshire, England, in 2013. The groundwater level has risen above the level of the road, so water is forcing its way through the road surface as a spring. /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/u00a9 <a title=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"View profile/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.geograph.org.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//profile/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//43370/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"cc:attributionURL dct:creator/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Des Blenkinsopp</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/u00a0and licensed for/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/u00a0<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.geograph.org.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//reuse.php?id=3371654/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">reuse</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/u00a0under this/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/u00a0<a class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"nowrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" title=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Licence/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"http:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//creativecommons.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//licenses/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//by-sa/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2.0/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" rel=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"license/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Creative Commons Licence</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a>.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"expand-box expand-box-top/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//geograph-3371654-by-Des-Blenkinsopp.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" ><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//expand.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"Expand icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//figcaption></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//figure>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<p class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-paragraph/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Exceptionally large flows from perennial springs or large flows from intermittent or dormant springs also come under the definition of groundwater flooding. They can cause both localised flooding in the vicinity of the springs and where surface water drainage channels may not be adequate.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<h2 class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-heading/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Where does groundwater flooding occur?</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<p class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-paragraph/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Groundwater flooding can occur in a range of geological settings. There are three main settings that have been identified in the UK where significant groundwater flooding can occur:</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<ul class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-list/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<li><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//unconfined-major-aquifers/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">unconfined major aquifers</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a> such as the Chalk</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<li><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//shallow-unconsolidated-sedimentary-aquifer-flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">shallow, unconsolidated, sedimentary aquifers</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<li><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater-rebound-in-urban-centres/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">groundwater rebound in urban centres</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//ul>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<p class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-paragraph/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">The first two of these settings encompass the majority of sites affected by groundwater flooding in the UK. BGS carries out its groundwater research in these settings to improve our understanding of the flooding mechanisms involved. This research has been the basis for the production of our&nbsp;<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//datasets/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater-flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">susceptibility to groundwater flooding maps,</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a>&nbsp;which cover England, Wales and Scotland.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<h2 class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-heading/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Characteristics of groundwater flooding</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<p class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-paragraph/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">The characteristic feature of groundwater flooding events is its relatively long duration compared with fluvial (river) flooding.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<p class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-paragraph/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">The impact of groundwater flooding can occur before water levels reach the ground surface, for example when there is inundation of building basements and buried services, such as road tunnels or other assets, below ground level.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<p class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-paragraph/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Groundwater levels that rise above ground level also have the potential to reach low-lying areas otherwise protected from fluvial flooding.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<figure  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"img-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//P916699.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" data-toggle=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"lightbox/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" data-footer=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"&lt;p&gt;Flooded basement of a demolished building in Cardiff, Wales. The basement has flooded to a level close to or the same as the groundwater level beneath the city. BGS /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/u00a9 UKRI.&lt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p&gt;/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" data-gallery=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"gallery_58619/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//P916699.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"lazy-blur/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"A disused basement of a demolished building that has filled with water/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//P916699.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a><figcaption class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"caption /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"caption-icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//info-caption.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"Information icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"caption-text/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"><p>Flooded basement of a demolished building in Cardiff, Wales. The basement has flooded to a level close to or the same as the groundwater level beneath the city. BGS /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/u00a9 UKRI.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"expand-box expand-box-top/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//P916699.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" ><img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//themes/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//bgs/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//img/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//expand.svg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"Expand icon/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//figcaption></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//figure>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<h2 class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-heading/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">More information</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<div  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"accordions/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"acc-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<button class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"acc-top secondary-background icon-arrow button no-btn/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"><span class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"button-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" tabindex=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"-1/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">FAQs</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//span></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//button>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"acc-body sea-background-e/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<ul>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<li><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//faqs#gwfloodfaq/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Groundwater flooding FAQs</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//li>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//ul>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<h2 class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-heading/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Feature image </groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<p class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"wp-block-paragraph/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Groundwater flooding in Basingstoke, Hampshire, England, in 2014. Basingstoke is located on the Chalk aquifer of southern England. /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/u00a9 <a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.geograph.org.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//profile/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//18677/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Mr Ignavy</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a>&nbsp;and licensed for reuse under this&nbsp;<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"http:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//creativecommons.org/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//licenses/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//by-sa/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2.0/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Creative Commons Licence</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a>.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//section>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<section id=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"in-this-section-3409-block_2017375e72dde30ec74f23886d55670c/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"grid-section  sea-background-e   /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" >/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"container/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"row header-of-section/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"col-12/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<h2>Our research</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"row grid-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"col-md-6 col-lg-4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<a class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"media-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding-and-drought/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//how-many-properties-at-risk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//P894562-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"lazy-blur wp-post-image/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"P894562-thumb/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//P894562-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"info-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"info/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<h2><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding-and-drought/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//how-many-properties-at-risk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">How many properties are at risk from groundwater flooding?</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<p>How we estimated where and how many homes may be at risk from groundwater floods.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding-and-drought/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//how-many-properties-at-risk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">More Information</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"col-md-6 col-lg-4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<a class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"media-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding-and-drought/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//controls-on-regional-scale-groundwater-flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//geograph-3860776-by-Des-Blenkinsopp-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"lazy-blur wp-post-image/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"geograph-3860776-by-Des-Blenkinsopp-thumb/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//geograph-3860776-by-Des-Blenkinsopp-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"info-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"info/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<h2><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding-and-drought/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//controls-on-regional-scale-groundwater-flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Controls on regional-scale groundwater flooding</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<p>Researching widespread, regional groundwater floods.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding-and-drought/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//controls-on-regional-scale-groundwater-flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">More Information</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"col-md-6 col-lg-4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"cards-over-img cards  cards-find-more /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<a class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"media-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding-and-drought/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//case-study-groundwater-flooding-in-oxford/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<img decoding=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"async/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//P883135-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"lazy-blur wp-post-image/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" alt=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"P883135-thumb/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" data-src=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//wp-content/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//uploads/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//sites/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//4/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//2025/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//10/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//P883135-thumb.jpg/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/" /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"info-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"info/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<h2><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding-and-drought/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//case-study-groundwater-flooding-in-oxford/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Case study: groundwater flooding in Oxford</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<p>Investigating the causes of groundwater flooding in the River Thames floodplain.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//groundwater/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding-and-drought/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//flooding/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//case-study-groundwater-flooding-in-oxford/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">More Information</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//section>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n<section class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"cta-section  sea-background-e /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"container/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"row md-row/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"col-12/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<h2>Need more information?</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//h2>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t<div class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"btn-wrap/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"><a href=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"https:/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//www.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//people/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//macdonald-alan/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78///groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"  class=/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/"button primary-background   /groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/">Contact Alan MacDonald</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//a></groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//div>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//section>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding groundwater flooding mechanisms and mapping susceptible areas.</groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78//p>/groundwater/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/78/n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6191,"parent":6372,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"1","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"tags":[],"class_list":["post-78","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - 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